Jack's note that miniAudicle is only looking in C:\Program Files\ChucK\chugins\ ended up being the key here.  I now have some o the chugins installed and working :)  I had the 10/21/2015 .chug versions floating around my computer from 1.3.5.2, I made sure the 02/05/18 versions were in C:\Program Files\ChucK\chugins\ ( and the only versions in there, get the old ones out)

The following are not automatically installed with 1.4.0.0:
Binaural, Faust, Ladspa, NHHall, Random, Wavetable

Below are the steps I took to get Binaural, Wavetable, and Random to compile and install.  Have not attempted Faust or Ladspa yet

I could not get NHHall working with this method.  NHHall does not come with a VCXPROJ file so I used the VCXPROJ file from another chugin as a template and made my own for NHHall.  Using the steps below I was able to sucessfully build a .CHUG file for NHHall, but when trying to load the chugins in miniAudicle I get an error:
[chuck]:(3:SEVERE):  |  |  | error loading chugin 'NHHall.chug', skipping
[chuck]:(3:SEVERE):  |  |  | error from chuck_dl: 'no version function found in dll 'C:\Program Files\ChucK\chugins/NHHall.chug''

After many days on stack overflow, trying to set up my laptop to use the VS 2010 build tools in the year 2018, I gave up and just tried stuff until I came up with this brute force method of installing the rest of the chugins

Step 1:
git clone https://github.com/ccrma/chugins.git
the git repo will be placed in C:\Users\<name>\chugins
Open the makefile in C:\Users\<name>\chugins, the first lines are a list of chugins in the order they will be built/installed in.  Put the chugin you want to install at the beginning, e.g. CHUGINS= Wavetable etc. ( This is just so that you don't have to go through the steps below for each of the chugins that are already installed).

Step 2a:
You might get the following error when running $ make win32:
msbuild.exe /p:Configuration=Release
process_begin: CreateProcess(NULL, msbuild.exe /p:Configuration=Release, ...) failed.
make (e=2): The system cannot find the file specified.

You need to find the directory containing msbuild.exe and add it the MINGW64 path, this worked for me:

$ export PATH=$PATH:"C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v4.0.30319"

Step 2b:
Open the VCXPROJ file in C:\Users\<name>\chugins\Wavetable, note that the first line indicates ToolsVersion="15.0"
make sure you have the 15.0 buils tools for VS installed and that MINGW64 can access the folder:

$ export PATH=$PATH:"C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community\MSBuild\15.0\Bin"

Step 3:
$ cd chugins
$ make win32

Although I had all the build tools, compilers, and SDKs for the v100 platform toolset,  chugins would not compile and I couldn't get past the following error:

error MSB8020: The build tools for Visual Studio 2010 (Platform Toolset = 'v100') cannot be found.

I noticed on the github history that there was a fix on 01/17/18 that changed the VCXPROJ file for each chugin from <PlatformToolset>v141</PlatformToolset> to <PlatformToolset>v100</PlatformToolset>.
So as an experiment I changed this back to <PlatformToolset>v141</PlatformToolset> in the VCXPROJ file for the chugin (there are a few different lines of this in the file) 
NB: v141 did not work for each of them, for example Binaural needed v140 to compile

Step 4:
run make win32 again.  Should get a 'build succeeded" in the log

Step 5:
make install. get the following error:
$ make install
CHUCK_STRICT=1 make -C Wavetabler/ install
make[1]: Entering directory 'C:/Users/Ben/chugins/Wavetable'
gcc -O3 -Werror -c -o Wavetable.o Wavetable.cpp
process_begin: CreateProcess(NULL, gcc -O3 -Werror -c -o Wavetable.o Wavetable.cpp, ...) failed.
make (e=2): The system cannot find the file specified.

Step 6:
move the contents of C:/Users/<name>/Wavetable/Release to C:/Users/<name>/Wavetable/ and change the file name of Wavetable.obj to Wavetable.o

Step 7:
run make install again. then move the Wavetable .CHUG file from C:/Users/<name>/chugins/Wavetable to C:\Program Files\ChucK\chugins
Double check that C:\Program Files\ChucK\chugins is a directory for chugins in miniAudicle and re-start miniAudicle.  The chugin should be working now, at least avoiding the 'undefined type' error in miniAudicle.