This is a common problem when compiling stuff from source: missing
packages. It's easy to install the needed packages your self, if you
know what you need!
First install apt-file (and run "sudo apt-file update"). Now look at the
errors you got. The first problem marked "error" says that it can't find
a file called "jack.h", however apt-file can find it for you: "apt-file
search jack.h", which I think (I'm not on ubuntu) will report
libjack-dev. So you do "sudo apt-get install libjack-dev". Run make
again, and repeat the above for other missing packages.
Hmm, I've been using linux for the last four years and this is the first time anyone has ever told me about apt-file. Nearly every package I've ever needed to install from source has listed the dependencies.
> It would really be nice if some proper Linux documentation could be
> written into the upcoming versions of the install tutorial. I'd be
> happy to help write it once I understand it.
I can understand that you'd rather have a nice list of packages to
install, but I personally don't think this is such a good idea, mainly
because it's likely to become unmaintained quite quickly. Remember that
the problems you encountered are not a sign of anything not working,
quite the opposite. It's a perfectly normal behaviour and the error
messages even give you an exact description of the problem.
After you've done this a few times with a few programs, I suspect you'll
agree with me that it's quite straight forward, and that a list of
packages to install beforehand is not needed...
NB: Glad to hear that you got it working!