the inner loop will never terminate, because 1::second => now increments now by one second, and then evaluates to now (after the 1 second increase). now is pretty much always positive, and non-zero numbers evaluate to "true" in conditional expressions, so the inner loop repeats forever. The deal with while loops is that they test the conditional expression once, and then execute ALL of the code between { and } before they test the conditional expression again. Its perhaps a bit counterintuitive, but its the standard in typical programming languages. Consider this loop: 0 => int i; while( i == 0 ) { 2 => i; // do some stuff... 0 => i; } Even though i is not zero in some parts of the loop, the i is zero every time the ( i == 0 ) conditional is checked, so the loop repeats forever. Your loop is being evaluated like this: -determine if ( now < later ) is true (it is) -execute outer while loop expression -determine if ( 1::second => now ) is true (it is) -execute inner while loop expression -determine if ( 1::second => now ) is true (it is) -execute inner while loop expression -determine if ( 1::second => now ) is true (it is) -execute inner while loop expression ... and so on forever ... So the conditional expression of the outer loop never gets another chance to be tested. you can get what you want with this: while( now < later ) { 1::second => now; <<< now, "inner loop" >>>; } I dont know of any in-depth resources on ChucK programming, but I think learning programming basics in Java or C would definitely contribute to a better understanding of some of the parts of ChucK with which you seem to be less familiar. Also, be sure to look through all of the example code if you havent already. http://chuck.cs.princeton.edu/doc/examples/index.html hope this helps spencer On May 10, 2006, at 9:44 PM, plutek wrote:

obviously i'm a complete newbie here.... could someone please explain to me why the inner loop in this code is not terminated by the outer loop, after ten seconds:

now + 10::second => time later;

while( now < later ) { while( 1::second => now ) { <<< now, "inner loop" >>>; } }

i suppose i'm victim to some horribly wrong assumption about How Things Work, which brings up my other question: is there some material somewhere (more than just the tutorials) which would take me deeper into a general understanding of the mechanics of coding in ChucK? the language reference is excellent, but doesn't help one to learn how to put all the details together into coherent code. i do have a decent understanding of the principles of synthesis, so it's really questions of logic flow, semantics, and style that concern me. i don't know if material related to other languages will be applicable, due to the strongly- timed nature of ChucK.

any advice? (other than enrolling in princeton) :-)

many thanks in advance!

.pltk. _______________________________________________ chuck-users mailing list chuck-users@lists.cs.princeton.edu https://lists.cs.princeton.edu/mailman/listinfo/chuck-users