- chuck-users - lists.cs.princeton.edu

improving the emacs mode
by Atte André Jensen 29 Jun '06

29 Jun '06

Hi I'm very fond of the (recent) emacs mode. But I think a few improvements could/should be made: 1) On http://wiki.cs.princeton.edu/index.php/ChucK/Dev/Tools the recent mode is pasted into the wiki. I had trouble downloading (or rather copying/pasting) it and getting it to work. A link to an external download would be better. Maybe it could even be part of the chuck download... 2) Indention could/should be improved: a) Loading a chuck file messes up the indention, even if the indention was made by the mode itself. b) Some valid placements of brackets are not handled correctly by the mode, for instance: while(true){ if(true){ // always } else { // never } } c) Indention of comments are a bit strange. If I put "//" at the very beginning of an intented line, the mode will indent the "//"s the the correct place. Maybe it would be better to simply disregard commented out lines when doing indention. 3) Comment-region and Uncomment-region doesn't work. It seems its only a matter of defining a comment character... 4) Syntax highlighting highlights special words if they're used in a variable with underscore. Example: "my_spork_function". I'd be happy to correct some of this myself, but my lisp skills are practically non-existing. I googled for something helpful to get started with elisp, but failed to find anything. If anyone has links to information about making (or hacking) emacs-modes, especially something that would help me address the above mentioned issues, I'd be delighted. -- peace, love & harmony Atte http://www.atte.dk | quartet: http://www.anagrammer.dk http://www.atte.dk/gps | compositions: http://www.atte.dk/compositions

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Sporking class member causes NullPointerException?
by nitro2k01 28 Jun '06

28 Jun '06

I tried this: class Test{ 0=>int iz; fun void initTest(){ while(true){ <<<iz>>>; ++iz; 10::ms=>now; } } spork ~ initTest(); } Test o; And got this: [chuck](VM): NullPointerException: shred[id=2:spork~exp], PC=[3] The same code works perfectly when putting the fun reference and spork outside of the class definition. Is there any way around this, iow a way to start a shred from a instanciated object? /nitro2k01 -- -----BEGIN 2ROT13 MESSAGE----- The blog of nitro2k01: <http://soundandcomplete.wordpress.com/> Sätt på ett par flipflops, vippa på rumpan och gör det här till en minnesvärd sommar! -----END 2ROT13 MESSAGE-----

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++ return value
by Atte André Jensen 28 Jun '06

28 Jun '06

Hi I expected the ++ (and --) operator to work as this: If ++ precedes the variable, e.g. ++i, the value returned is the value in counter after it has been incremented. If ++ follows the variable, e.g. i++, the value returned is the value in counter before it has been incremented. This doesn't seem to be the case (chuck always returns the value after it has been incremented): int i; <<<i>>>; <<<i++>>>; <<<++i>>>; [atte@aarhus tests]$ chuck increment.ck 0 :(int) 1 :(int) 2 :(int) Maybe this could be changed? -- peace, love & harmony Atte http://www.atte.dk | quartet: http://www.anagrammer.dk http://www.atte.dk/gps | compositions: http://www.atte.dk/compositions

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--bufsize and latency
by Atte André Jensen 28 Jun '06

28 Jun '06

Hi Exactly what latency (chuck only) can be expected from --bufsize128? -- peace, love & harmony Atte http://www.atte.dk | quartet: http://www.anagrammer.dk http://www.atte.dk/gps | compositions: http://www.atte.dk/compositions

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instruments extending StkInstrument
by Atte André Jensen 28 Jun '06

28 Jun '06

Hi I'm still quite new to chuck, but after going through the "Notes on Chuck for music" tutorial it struck me that a nice way to (over time) build a library of instruments that work in an interchangeable way would be to extend the StkInstrument. Instruments build this way should work like the StifKarp instrument used in the tutorial. I realize that this in some/most cases comes of fine grain control of the sound, but thinking about it that's the way I prefer thinking about instruments; encapsulated sound generating units. For instance I have over time build a library of over 100 midi-controlled realtime csound instruments that I use all the time. It this a recommended way of making instruments? Any documentation or examples on how to do this? How much slower would a userspace implementaion be compared to the buildin instruments? Would it be possible that such user defined instruments could make it into the language itself, and how much is involved in converting a userspace instrument into a build-in instrument? -- peace, love & harmony Atte http://www.atte.dk | quartet: http://www.anagrammer.dk http://www.atte.dk/gps | compositions: http://www.atte.dk/compositions

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newbie questions
by Daniel L Trueman (dtrueman＠Princeton.EDU) 27 Jun '06

27 Jun '06

ok, newbie chucker here, with dumb questions: 1. is it true that the archives for this list are not searchable? i would be most delighted to avoid asking dumb questions by searching the archives first. 2. confused is me trying to set some STK time parameters. for instance: // noise n => ADSR e => dac; 400::ms => dur t => e.attackTime; // doesn't work, which is ok since i know: // .4 => e.attackTime; // does work, but it would make more sense to me to be able to send durs around consistently, especially when i see something like this: // noise n => Envelope e => dac; std.rand2f(10,500)::ms => dur t => e.duration; // that works. now, things become more mysterious when i find that "duration" is not documented online as part of Envelope, which makes me wonder if i'm missing something, and also wonder what other interesting things remain undocumented. is it just that some of the STK ugens have been extended to take durs, but not all? most joyfully attempting to chuck, dan

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putting samples in array
by Atte André Jensen 27 Jun '06

27 Jun '06

Hi I've got a breakbeat that I chopped up at every 16note. Now I'd like to play these samples one after another. Could set up 16 sndbuf's each connected to the dac, but wouldn't that be inefficient? I'm thinking it might be smarter to load the samples into an array and play a different one on each pass, but is this possible. Or whould there be a really bright way to go about this? -- peace, love & harmony Atte http://www.atte.dk | quartet: http://www.anagrammer.dk http://www.atte.dk/gps | compositions: http://www.atte.dk/compositions

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upload .ck files to wiki
by Graham Percival 25 Jun '06

25 Jun '06

I have three ChucK programs I'd like to upload to the wiki (ChucK/Programs), but the Special:upload seems to only accept graphics. Is there any way to add these files other than making new pages with the code? Cheers - Graham Percival

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Re: [chuck-users] Distributing ChucK
by Ollie Glass 24 Jun '06

24 Jun '06

Brilliant, thanks very much for clearing up the details. > if you are > just distributing chuck in the same zip file or something, and the > two programs interact through on-the-fly commands, OSC, or some other > IPC mechanism, then thats okay. > This is exactly what I'm doing, without modifying ChucK. I'll be in touch when I release the package. Cheers, Ollie > Though, if you do distribute chuck, you also have to distribute the > chuck source for at least 3 years after you last distribute it, > including modifications, if you made any. This can be as direct as > bundling the source with the chuck binary, or as indirect as sending > someone a CD with the source on it. (Assuming you arent distributing > a modified binary, you can actually just link to the chuck webpage.) > If you dont include the source with the binary, you have to indicate > somehow how people can get the source. > > Also, you have to include a copy of the GPL (available as the file > COPYING in the chuck download, among other places) directly with the > chuck executable. > > whew... hope this helps, > spencer > > On Jun 23, 2006, at 2:44 PM, Ollie Glass wrote: > > > My app isn't open source. Is it okay to distribute ChucK with it? > > > > Sorry if this seems like an obvious question, I'm not very clear on > > licences and don't want to make a mistake. > > > > Ollie > > > >> Yes! > >> > >> The GNU public license allows you to freely modify and distribute > >> derivative > >> works as long as you give due credit and provide the source code > >> for free. > >> If you look closely inside ChucK you will find RTMidi and RTAudio > >> by Gary > >> Scavone and libsndfile by Eric de Castro Lopo. > >> > >> Let us know when you are finished packaging your app. > >> > >> --art > >> > >> > >> On 22-Jun-06, at 2:26 AM, Ollie Glass wrote: > >> > >> > >> I'd like to distribute ChucK with my app, saving users from > >> > >> downloading it seperatly. Is it ok to do this? > >> > >> > >> > >> > >> Thanks, > >> > >> > >> > >> > >> Ollie > >> > >> _______________________________________________ > >> > >> chuck-users mailing list > >> > >> chuck-users(a)lists.cs.princeton.edu > >> > >> https://lists.cs.princeton.edu/mailman/listinfo/chuck-users > >> > >> _______________________________________________ > >> chuck-users mailing list > >> chuck-users(a)lists.cs.princeton.edu > >> https://lists.cs.princeton.edu/mailman/listinfo/chuck-users > >> > >> > >> > > _______________________________________________ > > chuck-users mailing list > > chuck-users(a)lists.cs.princeton.edu > > https://lists.cs.princeton.edu/mailman/listinfo/chuck-users > > >

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Re: [chuck-users] Distributing ChucK
by Ollie Glass 23 Jun '06

23 Jun '06

My app isn't open source. Is it okay to distribute ChucK with it? Sorry if this seems like an obvious question, I'm not very clear on licences and don't want to make a mistake. Ollie > Yes! > > The GNU public license allows you to freely modify and distribute derivative > works as long as you give due credit and provide the source code for free. > If you look closely inside ChucK you will find RTMidi and RTAudio by Gary > Scavone and libsndfile by Eric de Castro Lopo. > > Let us know when you are finished packaging your app. > > --art > > > On 22-Jun-06, at 2:26 AM, Ollie Glass wrote: > > > I'd like to distribute ChucK with my app, saving users from > > downloading it seperatly. Is it ok to do this? > > > > > Thanks, > > > > > Ollie > > _______________________________________________ > > chuck-users mailing list > > chuck-users(a)lists.cs.princeton.edu > > https://lists.cs.princeton.edu/mailman/listinfo/chuck-users > > _______________________________________________ > chuck-users mailing list > chuck-users(a)lists.cs.princeton.edu > https://lists.cs.princeton.edu/mailman/listinfo/chuck-users > > >

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Distributing ChucK
by Ollie Glass 22 Jun '06

22 Jun '06

I'd like to distribute ChucK with my app, saving users from downloading it seperatly. Is it ok to do this? Thanks, Ollie

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Digi 001 and chuck
by paul j botelho 22 Jun '06

22 Jun '06

Has anyone had any luck running chuck on windows with the Digi 001? I've run chuck --probe and apparently the 001 reports sample rate of 100 and 100000! Only an srate of 100000 will output anything. I've tried various bufsize and bufnum combinations, but can only get choppy audio. Here's what chuck --probe prints out: C:\Documents and Settings\student\Desktop\chuck-1.2.0.4-exe\chuck-1.2.0.4-exe\bi n>chuck.exe --probe [chuck]: found 5 device(s) ... [chuck]: ------( chuck -- dac1 )--------------- [chuck]: device name = "Primary Sound Driver" [chuck]: probe [success] ... [chuck]: # output channels = 2 [chuck]: # input channels = 0 [chuck]: # duplex Channels = 0 [chuck]: default device = YES [chuck]: natively supported data formats: [chuck]: 16-bit int [chuck]: supported sample rates: [chuck]: 100 Hz [chuck]: 100000 Hz [chuck]: [chuck]: ------( chuck -- dac2 )--------------- [chuck]: device name = "Digidesign Digi 001: Chan 1-2 (emulated)" [chuck]: probe [success] ... [chuck]: # output channels = 2 [chuck]: # input channels = 0 [chuck]: # duplex Channels = 0 [chuck]: default device = NO [chuck]: natively supported data formats: [chuck]: 16-bit int [chuck]: supported sample rates: [chuck]: 100 Hz [chuck]: 100000 Hz [chuck]: [chuck]: ------( chuck -- dac3 )--------------- [chuck]: device name = "SoundMAX Digital Audio" [chuck]: probe [success] ... [chuck]: # output channels = 2 [chuck]: # input channels = 2 [chuck]: # duplex Channels = 2 [chuck]: default device = NO [chuck]: natively supported data formats: [chuck]: 16-bit int [chuck]: supported sample rates: [chuck]: 11025 Hz [chuck]: 22050 Hz [chuck]: 44100 Hz [chuck]: [chuck]: ------( chuck -- dac4 )--------------- [chuck]: device name = "Primary Sound Capture Driver" [chuck]: probe [success] ... [chuck]: # output channels = 0 [chuck]: # input channels = 2 [chuck]: # duplex Channels = 0 [chuck]: default device = YES [chuck]: natively supported data formats: [chuck]: 16-bit int [chuck]: supported sample rates: [chuck]: 11025 Hz [chuck]: 22050 Hz [chuck]: 44100 Hz [chuck]: [chuck]: ------( chuck -- dac5 )--------------- [chuck]: device name = "SoundMAX Digital Audio" [chuck]: probe [success] ... [chuck]: # output channels = 2 [chuck]: # input channels = 2 [chuck]: # duplex Channels = 2 [chuck]: default device = NO [chuck]: natively supported data formats: [chuck]: 16-bit int [chuck]: supported sample rates: [chuck]: 11025 Hz [chuck]: 22050 Hz [chuck]: 44100 Hz [chuck]: [chuck]: ------( chuck -- 1 MIDI inputs )------ [chuck]: [0] : "Digidesign Digi 001" [chuck]: [chuck]: ------( chuck -- 2 MIDI outputs )----- [chuck]: [0] : "Microsoft GS Wavetable SW Synth" [chuck]: [1] : "Digidesign Digi 001" [chuck]: Any help will be appreciated. paul botelho

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user study!!!
by Ge Wang 21 Jun '06

21 Jun '06

Dear all, We would like to conduct a N-part user study (where N >= 1) on using ChucK. To start, we are interested in learning about how everyone is using ChucK, the ways (if any) ChucK has effected the way you write/think about audio programming, and/or your thoughts on ChucK. A dissertation is being written (mine), and we want to include evaluations/feedback from the primary ChucK community (this list). Also, we hope to construct a page to showcase works being done using ChucK. So fire away! Thank you all very much!!! (slightly) more detail here: http://wiki.cs.princeton.edu/index.php/ChucK/UserStudy Best, chuck team

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proposals
by Atte André Jensen 21 Jun '06

21 Jun '06

Hi I think the follwing would make admin'ing shreds: 1) Some way of replacing a shred without having to worry about the id. For instance right now I get (from chuck ^): [chuck](VM): status (now == 0h0m51s, 2490368.0 samps) ... [shred id]: 2 [source]: time.ck [spork time]: 51.88s ago [shred id]: 3 [source]: spork~exp [spork time]: 51.88s ago [shred id]: 4 [source]: spork~exp [spork time]: 51.88s ago [shred id]: 5 [source]: spork~exp [spork time]: 51.88s ago [shred id]: 6 [source]: spork~exp [spork time]: 51.88s ago [shred id]: 7 [source]: spork~exp [spork time]: 51.88s ago (blocked) [shred id]: 8 [source]: sandpaper_16note.ck [spork time]: 14.63s ago (bloced) And I have sandpaper_16note.ck open in emacs (with the recent chuck mode). Suppose I modified it and wanted to replace the running version with the edit. Since the WM knows about the filename it would be very handy to quick-replace without having to type "8" for the id. Should propably fail if no or multible matches is found... 2) It would be nice to be able to reuse shred ids. As this could sometimes lead to confusion, it should be either a) and command line option or/and b) a command (like the +, -, = and ^) oyu could throw at the running wm that would make it reshuffle id's. 3) This is partly a question. It would be nice to be able to replace a class at runtime. Right now I get [time.ck]:line(1): class/type 'Time' is already defined in namespace 'global' when trying to replace shred 2 with another "time.ck". If this is actually to do now, I'd like to know how... Just a few thoughts :-) -- peace, love & harmony Atte http://www.atte.dk | quartet: http://www.anagrammer.dk http://www.atte.dk/gps | compositions: http://www.atte.dk/compositions

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sporking member function and static
by Atte André Jensen 20 Jun '06

20 Jun '06

Hi I played a bit with my problem of sporking a member function and found that the attached example (static_member.ck) actually *do* work. However (as the comment in the code suggest) if the function sporkee() is *not* declared as a static function, I get: [chuck](VM): NullPointerException: shred[id=2:spork~exp], PC=[3] Could soneone provide a meaningfull explanation, why that is? And is the exception (when "static" is removed) to be considered a bug in chuck? Finally, what *exactly* does "static" mean? The documentation states that static data and functions "are shared by all instances of that class". Ok, I understand that. But apparently "static" doesn't mean "cannot be changed" (which is what the word implies), mostly applicable to data, as the other example (static.ck) shows. So, why was the word "static" chosen, shouldn't it have been "global" or "shared" or something like that? Or is there a historical/traditional reason behind the word "static" that I'm not aware of? Whatever the reason, I think this (that "static" doesn't mean "unchangeable" and when + why it's neccessary to declare things, esp. functions "static", like in the case of "spork_member.ck") needs mention in the manual, since I might not be the only one thrown off by this... Thanks in advance for any response. -- peace, love & harmony Atte http://www.atte.dk | quartet: http://www.anagrammer.dk http://www.atte.dk/gps | compositions: http://www.atte.dk/compositions class Test { fun static void sporkee() { // must be static, otherwise gives: // [chuck](VM): NullPointerException: shred[id=2:spork~exp], PC=[3] while(true) { <<<"i'm sporkee">>>; 1::second => now; } } fun void sporker() { spork ~ sporkee(); } } Test test; test.sporker(); // keep alive while(true) { 1::second => now; } class Test { 0 => static int x; 0 => int y; fun void tell_x() { <<<x>>>; } fun void tell_y() { <<<y>>>; } } Test test; test.tell_x(); test.tell_y(); 1 => test.x; 2 => test.y; test.tell_x(); test.tell_y();

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multiple classes
by Atte André Jensen 20 Jun '06

20 Jun '06

Hi Sorry for my high activity level, but when working with something as addicting as chuck, you just go on and on :-) Anyways, I was a bit surprised that the attached code doesn't work, shouldn't it (undefined type 'myEvent')? Of course I can split it int two files and declare myEvent public (or not have bla public, but I need a public class...). -- peace, love & harmony Atte http://www.atte.dk | quartet: http://www.anagrammer.dk http://www.atte.dk/gps | compositions: http://www.atte.dk/compositions class myEvent extends Event{ int value; } public class bla{ myEvent some_event; }

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Chuck Linux and rolling your own
by mike clemow 20 Jun '06

20 Jun '06

Hi all, I wanted to hear from people who are using chuck on Linux. I'm having problems compiling chuck on my machine--but these are system issues and not chuck issues, so I'll spare you. I'd like to know who's been successful, what your machine's like, what distribution you're using, whether you had dependency issues, whether your kernels were patched for realtime, preemption, et cetera or whether you're using a vanilla kernel. I'll get it working eventually, but I'm definitely going to have to change distros in order to do it. Cheers, Mike -- "ooh aah bleep" -miraton

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loop over associative array
by Atte André Jensen 20 Jun '06

20 Jun '06

Hi How do I loop over an associative array? Since I don't see any foreach, I tried the following: int x[3]; 4 => x["n"]; <<<x["n"]>>>; for(0 => int i; i < x.cap(); i++) <<<"i:",i,", x[i]:",x[i]>>>; which clearly doesn't work. Regarding feature requests/bugs in general: Is the wiki up-to-date and this in fact where I should have put this? And any plans as to when a new version of chuck will arrive? -- peace, love & harmony Atte http://www.atte.dk | quartet: http://www.anagrammer.dk http://www.atte.dk/gps | compositions: http://www.atte.dk/compositions

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routing voice to other software
by Udit Sajjanhar 20 Jun '06

20 Jun '06

Hi all, I am receiving the sound by an microphone and outputting it to a speaker. But I want to route the sound to some other software, such as Express talk, which is a soft IP phone. How can I do this? -- ================================ Udit Sajjanhar Junior Undergraduate Student RadhaKrishnan Hall of Residence Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India. Alt email: sajjanharudit(a)yahoo.co.in

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keeping stereo files as stereo
by eduard aylon 19 Jun '06

19 Jun '06

Hello there, When loading a stereo audio file either via sndbuf or WvIn the audio is downmixed to mono automatically, is that right? If not, is there a way of accessing left/right channels from audio files? is there a way of reading stereo files while keeping them stereo and writing them back as stereo files? The following code will write a mono file in out.wav regardless the input file is stereo or mono: WvIn audio_in => WvOut audio_out => blackhole; audio_in.path( "stereo_file.wav"); audio_out.wavFilename("out.wav"); 10::second => now My second question is on regards to being able to process audio faster than realtime just for audio processing tasks and when no "audible" output is needed. Is it possible or will it be possible in the future? An example will probably be more explanatory. Let's say that you want to remove DC-offset from an audio file, but you just want to process the audio file and there's no need to listening realtime audio. If such audio file is 3 min long, one must wait 3 min in order to finish processing. Chuck has a strong sense of time, but if there are no connections to dac could a "time_less unit of time" be created in order to speed up? My apologies if these issues have been discussed earlier on the list. Thanks, eduard

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events and static data
by Atte André Jensen 19 Jun '06

19 Jun '06

Hi If I do "chuck time.ck" then "chuck + shaker.ck" I hear the shaker ticking along after a while. If I then do "chuck + change_bpm.ck" the time is speeded up but the shaker goes silent. 1) Why does it take a while before the first shaker is played, and why isn't it always the same amount of time? 2) Why does the shaker stop playing when I update the bpm? As you might guess I suspect this to be something with static data. I know "static" means "static" so if they can't be updated like this, would the way to go be to send the bpm update as yet another event? -- peace, love & harmony Atte http://www.atte.dk | quartet: http://www.anagrammer.dk http://www.atte.dk/gps | compositions: http://www.atte.dk/compositions public class Time { int bpm; static dur quarter; static dur eight; static dur sixteenth; static Event q; 10 => bpm; fun void setTime() { 1::minute/this.bpm => this.quarter; this.quarter/2 => this.eight; this.quarter/4 => this.sixteenth; } fun void sendTime() { while(true){ this.q.broadcast(); <<<"q.broadcast", now>>>; this.quarter => now; } } } Time T; 80 => T.bpm; T.setTime(); T.sendTime(); Time T; 4::T.quarter - (now % 4::T.quarter) => now; Shakers inst => dac; [0,2,3,1,4,2,6,3,4,4] @=> int mel[]; for (0=>int i; ; i++) { <<<"shaker">>>; std.mtof( 60 + mel[i%mel.cap()] ) => inst.freq; inst.noteOn( 0.5 ); T.q => now; } Time T; 200 => T.bpm; T.setTime();

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getting the current srate
by Atte André Jensen 19 Jun '06

19 Jun '06

Hi I'm in the process of making a small bpm calculator, as part of a bigger whole. It detects taps on a midikey and calculates the bpm from the distance between the taps. What it boils down to is that I end up with a duration, which at 60 bpm (and tight tapping) is 47904.000000 and if I run with --srate44100 is 44096.000000. Looks to me like time is counted in samples, right? Anyways, if my algorithm should work at all sample rates, I need to ask from within chuck what sample rate we're running at. How is this done? -- peace, love & harmony Atte http://www.atte.dk | quartet: http://www.anagrammer.dk http://www.atte.dk/gps | compositions: http://www.atte.dk/compositions

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sporking a member function
by Atte André Jensen 19 Jun '06

19 Jun '06

Hi I had a problem last year with chuck crashing (null pointer exception, if I recall correctly) when trying to spork a member function from another function in a class. I forgot which version this was, but the problem is still there. Any chance this could be fixed in a/the new version? -- peace, love & harmony Atte http://www.atte.dk | quartet: http://www.anagrammer.dk http://www.atte.dk/gps | compositions: http://www.atte.dk/compositions

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Question on Shred Scheduling
by Mike McGonagle 17 Jun '06

17 Jun '06

I am working on a complete rewrite of my Masking package (the original was too bulky and dependant on creating hundreds of shreds), and was wondering just how something is scheduled in ChucK. Basically, I am trying to create a single shred that handles the updating of various parameters (as opposed to the original which had a shred for each parameter), and in doing so, I would like to create a "locking" mechanism around an array used to control which parameters get updated, and when. On one shred, there is the code that controlls the updating of parameters, this shred runs for the life of the program (or some portion of). On the second shred (most likely the main shred), the array containing the references to the parameters to be updated needs to be locked to prevent having a new reference added while the first shred is actually updating the parameters. (Does this make sense?) So, what I would like to know is how the following code would execute. now + 0::ms => now; Would this push the execution of the code to follow to the end of the current time slice? Or is this functionality undefined, and would it execute these shreds in an arbitrary fashion? In a nut shell, this is the code from the updating shred that locks the array... (this is embedded in an object) false => int locked; false => int keepGoing; MController @ controllers[]; // this gets initialized to match the number of controlled parameters fun void helper(....) { true => keepGoing; while(keepGoing) { while(locked) { now + 0::ms => now; } true => locked; for(0 => int i; i < controllers.cap(); i++) { if (controllers[i] != null) { <<< "do something with this controller", "" >>>; } } false => locked; } } The variable 'locked' controlls the access to the 'for' loop, and the variable 'keepGoing' controlls the outer loop. 'keepGoing' is set to true at the top of this code, but will be set to false by another shred to force the 'helper' function to exit as needed. The array 'controllers' is accessed by both this shred, as well as the main shred to add extra parameters to the 'helper' shred. Wow, this was probably a roundabout way to ask this question, but I hope it is comprehensible... Thanks, Mike -- Help the Environment, Plant a Bush back in Texas!

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Strings
by Ollie Glass 16 Jun '06

16 Jun '06

I'm trying to print this xml string from chuck: <step step="3" cycle="0" > What I get, when I use this code: <<< "<step step=\"", step ,"\" cycle=\"", cycle, "\" >" >>>; is this: <step step=\" 3 \" cycle=\" 0 \" > Spaces and escape characters abound! Could someone help me with this? Cheers, Ollie

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